I had repeated requests for pass phrase with the latest wpa_supplicant 2.2.11 and was unable to use wifi. This on rpi5 with alarm kernel. I used both networkmanager-applet and nmcli in testing. Both reported good signal strength, but I could not get past the passphrase request. I checked in latest rpios and their NetworkManager instance did connect OK.
After seeing this (https://archlinuxarm.org/forum/viewtopic.php?f=65&t=17043) I downgraded to previous package 2.2.10-8 and that seems to have solve the issue.
Surprisingly, wpa_supplicant 2:2.11 works fine on my rock 5b w/ radxa kernel. However, this is 5.10.x kernel version
I think the problem may be hardware related. The wpa_supplicant list has this report (https://lists.infradead.org/pipermail/hostap/2024-August/042893.html) and I see console messages about brcmfmac with 2.2.11 failing.